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Over the past several years, traditional – or legacy – news organizations have faced enormous challenges as a result of financial pressures and the advent of the participatory internet. This paper traces the new journalistic contenders, new audience behaviors, and new business models that are emerging in participatory news spaces. This thesis situates the most visible form of online news participation – the comments section – within a broader and evolving debate over how news organizations create relationships with audiences. It draws upon existing literature and history as well as interviews with members of audience engagement and community management teams at news organizations, online comment communities, and comment-based startups. The first chapter of this thesis outlines “The Spectrum of Comments”, a visual and text-based explanation of four key dimensions along which comments are organized in different online spaces ranging from social media to the New York Times. This section explores how news organizations balance the competing desire for audience participation with an impulse towards maintaining editorial control. The second chapter deals with the rise of “engagement,” as both a commercial discourse and a new way to envision audience relationships. It begins by tracing the history of journalistic relationships to audiences, offering a taxonomy for these relationships based on mono logical and dialogical modes of conversation, as well as ritual and transmission views of communication. I introduce the term “multi-logical” to capture the asynchronous and multi-voiced communication that occurs in participatory online spaces. Through this theoretical framework, I then examine a few examples of how news organizations operationalize the nebulous term “engagement.” The third chapter focuses on how audience engagement teams encounter and cope with abuse — particularly bigotry and harassment – online, and compares moderation work to Hochschild’s emotional labor. I find that abuse affects workers across the journalistic enterprise, and that one of the key focus areas for news organizations as they move forward with engagement should be to develop policies and internal guidelines for how to handle some of the risks of engagement.
About Anika Gupta
Anika Gupta has worked across a variety of roles within the journalism industry, including editorial, technology and marketing. She has presented at national and international conferences on user-generated content, community engagement and technology strategy. After graduating from Northwestern's Medill School, she worked in India for several years as a science reporter and later as a product manager. She started Hacks/Hackers New Delhi, a grassroots group of journalists & technologists.
Her articles have appeared in Smithsonian, Fortune, the Guardian, and elsewhere.
Thesis: Towards a Better Inclusivity: Online Comments and Community at News Organizations
